FR. TED CENTALA, OCD
CARMELITE FORMATION
ELIJAH PROPHET OF CARMEL
TAPE 4
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Fr. Centala: Okay, here is Elijah the Prophet. This is a book that I put out on the table here. It's the main contemporary book now on Elijah the Prophet. It's written by Killian Healy who is a retired Superior General of the Old Carms, and it lists a lot of the spirituality of Elijah the Prophet and it is the main source for the retreat that I am giving today. And he champions the fact that he was a prophet of fire. Here's one episode where Elijah is telling this one youngster to go up on top of the mountain and look toward the Northeast where the clouds come from, Northwest maybe, and to find out if the drought is finally coming to an end. And he had to go up seven times before he found a small cloud. So this is a painting depicting that particular episode. This is one of the classical icons of Elijah the Prophet. Centuries old and it's used as sort of a model for many of the icons that are around now. It shows him down at the wadi the water is flowing and the raven's there. They're bringing bread at this particular time but he probably was on a high protein diet
Audience: Laughter.
Fr. Centala: Okay, here he is with the widow from (? 042 Zuresta sp?) and her son had died, and he is staying at that particular house. And the flour barrel and the oil jug do not go dry during all the time that he is staying there. And he perseveres in prayer, praying three times that her son comes back to life. Very possible that he died of starvation, because of that great drought was affecting all the peoples of the area.
Ah, this is a ah what do we call that, ceramic floor? Where there is a depiction of the fire coming down from heaven and consuming the sacrifice that Elijah had erected on top of these twelve stones, and prayed. You will recall that he first told the ah fertility clergy to go at their sacrifice first, and they danced all day and nothing happened. And he just said one prayer and his got ignited. So it was a very definitive sign for the people to get back to following the ways of yahweh. This is Elijah fleeing from Jezebel and he's going through the desert and he hides behind a (? 072 inaudible) tree which is sort of like a little lilac bush and the angel comes to comfort him. So it shows the fact that the prophets were not always walking tall and feeling invulnerable. That really he is very vulnerable at this time. One time he said "Lord, take away my life. I'm no better than my ancestors." Ah, we could all say that, but see now we know its alright.
This was the original coat of arms that was used by the Discalced I think, or was it by the Calced? No, this was (? 084 inaudible) by the Old Carms. And ah shows very much the Blessed Virgin, that this is the order of Mary. And ah, I forget how long it was used, but then they re-drafted it and the next slide shows the changes. So that is the one that has sort of come down to us in the last three, four hundred years, and um, there is symbolic meaning to all the various things that are in there, and of course the uh, Discalced, they put a cross in the middle between the various stars. Between the two stars. But the original there has eight points. What is most common now is either five points, which is Solomon's star, or six points which is David's star from his coat of arms. I think that this is Elisha as he is being told by Elijah to accept the job, you know, taking his place. And of course he feels inadequate. He has less hair than the other man.
Audience: Laughter.
Fr. Centala: So he asks for sort of something spiritually to make up for it. This is one beautiful icon of Elijah also, where we see that he is sort of on fire with divine love. (? 114 Hoggia alea sp?) and I don't know what that particular tablet is or papyrus, can't see it really.
This is the transfiguration on Mount (? 119 Tabor sp?), where Christ appears with Moses and Elijah. Two that sort of had helped the chosen people to stay the course and to continue on with the Hebrew Covenant, so that salvation could come from the Jews. And of course, there's the three disciples that were privileged to see this particular event. When we got to Mount Tabor of course there is a very beautiful church there. Built I believe and staffed by the Benedictines. And one time when I went there I went from Mount Carmel, walked six miles, got on the bus and went over about twenty-five miles to Nazareth. And from there you can see Tabor's maybe seven, eight miles away, and Carmel's back about twenty miles or so, and I got to thinking well, why go to Tabor. It said it happened on the mountain apart and ah Tabor's almost a suburb of Nazareth, and Mount Carmel is a park. It's along the coast and ah it's was most of the time a refuge for hermits. And the Phoenicians and Syrians controlled it a lot, so it was different and a park. So I said "Really that's the place, the Mountain of Elijah. That's where the transfiguration should take place." So when I got back to Mount Carmel (? 143 inaudible) from Elias Streadman and I said "What was on Mount Tabor at the time of Christ?" He said "There were the ruins of the Canaanite Temple and there was a bivouac of a Roman cohort." So then there's no reason for Christ to go up there. That's not a holy place. He went to Mount Carmel, the place of Elijah. He says "You could be right." He said "Ah Carmelites from Italy got the same insight a few years ago and went back and did all the research, and put out a book saying transfiguration took place on ah Mount Carmel. But he said "It's of no consequence, really, because we don't know all the holy places where they took place. There's only one or two that we're pretty sure of. All the rest are just traditions as it was here."
Okay. This is the Elisha, down below. And he is telling Elijah "Throw me that lamp before it gets burned up." And there is Elijah going up in the fiery chariot. And the Carmelite nuns in Philadelphia just made a beautiful icon of this and put it over their main altar and its about fifteen, twenty feet wide and about ten feet high. And its very, very beautiful. This is Haifa Bay where Mount Carmel juts out into the Mediterranean. And the plank on the right side is about six hundred feet above sea level, and that's where we have our main monastery. And of course this is shot from the shore behind, in Haifa, the city below, and it shows that Mount Carmel really is quite large. It's not that high but it goes about twenty-five miles down the coast, and fifteen miles on each side, and it's sort of like a triangle, and this is one of the points of the triangle. This is a view from inland, looking down to the sea. The Mediterranean sea where you can see the city along the coast there. From the top of Mount Carmel when you look down into the plain of (? 185 Jezrial sp?), there's all sorts of things to see. Some is desert, some is irrigated and so it varies a lot.
There are a lot of rocks and caves. You can see our monastery up at about eleven o'clock position. That's the Monastery of Elijah the Prophet (? 192 inaudible) and down below on this slat area, three, four hundred feet down, there is a cave right in the middle of the picture and a few other caves. And they figure it was probably on that plain, probably there, where the contest took place between Elijah and the pagan priests. This is down in the plain ah, there is a hill right in the middle of the picture, to the right of that evergreen tree, and they figure it could have been on that hill where it took place, not where up on top where our monastery is. So again, they are not that sure of just where that contest took place. But if that youngster ran up seven times it couldn't be that far down, because from there it took me like an hour and a half to get to the top of the mountain. Ah here's another view from the top looking down into the plain of (? 207 inaudible) and there's Mount Carmel at the very top of the picture. So there's that over there its like fifteen hundred feet above the plain.
This is our monastery (? 211 inaudible) our Lady of Mount Carmel and there is a cave of Elijah the Prophet close by in the crypt church of the main monastery. And then further down about three fourths of the way down the six hundred foot bluff, there's another one where Elijah and supposedly lived for quite a while. Ah these are caves. Also, there's one to the right about four-thirty position there, and those limestone cliffs there were very soft in many areas, and either the water gouged out caves, or the people could see it was very soft and they gouged them out themselves. And shepherds and various poor people at many times lived in these various caves.
Okay, there's our monastery (? 226 el mur ca ca inaudible) up in the middle there, and the wadi, the (? 227 inaudible) is down below and that flows into the Mediterranean. So they were to be ah, what slaughtered down on the bank of the (? 230 inaudible). So it probably was at a lower hill, but then it would be too high to run up to see the Mediterranean, but maybe they didn't have to run all the way up to the very top to see it. They just go up the minor hill. So it's uncertain just historically where that confrontation took place. There is that (? 234 Tell inaudible) which is the ruins of a particular city or village, and that is possibly the location for that confrontation. Okay. Here's Elijah teaching the others. There was a school of prophets and Elijah and Elisha were both teachers, instructing others. There was a guild of the prophets. Fifty and a hundred. And then they were killed by Jezebel. And then they were hidden in the mountains. And ah, so that ah, when there was that big confrontation in fifteen hundreds in Europe, sixteen hundreds. Ah, the Carmelites had put together a continuous history all the way from Elijah, eight hundred, B.C., right up to fifteen hundred and something, A.D., where everything was passed on. And everything was absolutely complete and they just took any name that they could. Sort of like the (? 250 golding ?) list from Chicago.
Audience: Laughter.
Fr. Centala: And ah, course that now we're saying to even bring out into public.
Well, here is Elijah on two particular occasions. Ah, I forget what the one on the left already is. My memory has been purified.
Audience: Laughter.
Fr. Centala: But it looks like Carmelite nuns, on the right. Yeah, I have forgotten.
This is in the ah, painting in the ceiling of the Basilica of Our Lady of Mount Carmel right on Mount Carmel. There is a number of these panels and it shows St. Joseph, and the Blessed Virgin, and the Child Jesus. And ah, these (? 263 inaudible) the tradition is that when the Holy Family were returning from Egypt and going back to Nazareth, they probably took the coastal road and ah, then one of the main places to stop off was in the ravine where the Carmelites lived. And therefore, ah this was the occasion where the Holy Family there are visiting the Carmelites, well like five or ten A.D. or something like that. It's a nice meditation.
Audience: Laughter.
Fr. Centala: This is a beautiful picture of our Lady of Mount Carmel sheltering all the Carmelites under her mantle. It was ah a painting that's from a vision that St. Teresa had at one time when she was praying, and ah thanking Our Lady of Mount Carmel for all the graces that they had received through her intercession. And ah, she was privileged with this particular vision. One time when she tried to really pay attention to see how Our Lady was dressed, it vanished. On the bottom is the O'Carm coat of arms, I believe. Because St. Teresa and St. John of the Cross both died as O'Carms. The Order did not split until eighteen, eighteen...ah, fifteen ninety three, two years after St. John of the Cross died. But I think they already were using that new coat of arms before that. I'm not sure.
Okay. Here's where the Carmelites are interceding with Christ and the Virgin Mary to get the souls out of purgatory. This is a very important thing for Little Tereze when she's praying to God as merciful love to say "Sinners and to rescue those already in purgatory." So that was ah pre-Vatican II. That was considered to be a very, very, important way of praying. And there were so many requiem Masses and all the black vestments. But then somehow at Vatican II the Protestant observers said "Well, those in purgatory are they saved? Or are they not saved?" And of course the Catholics had to say "Of course they're saved." Well thank you. That sent ripples through the Catholic Church. That we finally realized, well you know, purgatory is the vestibule. All we need to do is open the door and let them into the fullness of heaven, and we should be glad we're already in the vestibule, and therefore the black vestments were gone, and the white vestments came in, and the resurrection, and we had a very, very different attitude now toward the dead, then we did pre-Vatican II.
This is St. Simon's stock as he's giving the scapular to. Let's see, Blessed Virgin get me into Simon's stock. Simon's stock interceding through the power of the scapular for those in purgatory. I would have to re-read those captions there to see what this particular painting is to signify. This is another one of the paintings on the ceiling. Check on that focus a little bit.
Man: That's as good as it gets.
Fr. Centala: Yeah. Okay. I forget the particular significance of this painting. Our Lady of Mount Carmel with the child Jesus. The various images that we have of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, coming from the ah, place of Elijah, did not have scapulars on them until about thirteen or fourteen hundred, and that the tradition of Carmelites was to venerate Mary as she is depicted in scripture. It was only sort of later in our history that we looked at the whole Simon's stock episode of twelve fifty one, and like incorporated that, and sort of since then all the main images that are related to Mount Carmel have the scapular. But for centuries there was no scapular. And when the crusaders came to Europe in the eleven and twelve hundreds and joined hermits that were there, who were Byzantine hermits. Ah, the icon of Our Lady of Mount Carmel none of them of course had scapulars. The scapular was a European garment.
St. Teresa wanted to get back to the spirit of those original hermits that struggled to live in God's presence, and lead the contemplative life. And of course the reason for that was, was during the middle ages in Europe ah there was a lot of busyness due to trade with the Orient and trade with the Americas and just a fantastic growth. And materialism, and pleasure and all of that came in so strongly that it overflowed into the monasteries, and she said "We've got to get back, and recapture our original spirit." And that was very much in keeping with the Council of Trent, that challenged all the religious orders to do that. And there were thirty or forty that were Discalced, or Discalced Trinitarians, Discalced ah Heronimites (? 350 sp?) and ah, they all lost the name of Discalced except us. St. John of the Cross praying here also. He was the main helper with St. Teresa to re-establish the Discalced. And to re-appreciate silence and solitude again. There's the Lord appearing to him saying "You've been a good and faithful servant, what can I do?" and St. John of the Cross says "Just let me share the Cross." I believe that is Elijah and Elisha down at the bottom, and there's the tree of Carmel, and there's all the saints of Carmel at the top with Our Lady of Mount Carmel.
These are some of the ruins on Mount Carmel of the first monastery that the crusaders who joined the Byzantine Hermits, this is where they lived. Its in a ravine about a mile and a half in from the Mediterranean Sea, and ah, oh a couple hundred feet above sea level, and there are two hills on either side that are three or four hundred above that. So there is the spring of Elijah where the water comes out, and the camels used to come from the caravans to drink. Same thing. Some more views of the ravine and the ah ocean. By the ravine you can see is a small road that goes in. When we were doing the excavations that road just got away too dusty, as we were coming in and hauling in these people for six weeks to do all the work. So, ah, they got in some trucks to do asphalting just to put a one inch seal coat on things, and then all of a sudden the siren sounded, and the authorities swooped in, and they said "How dare you spread asphalt in the National
Park of Elijah the Prophet." And we said "No, this is the private property of the Carmelite Monastery, it's not the National Park of Elijah the Prophet." And then they pulled out these brochures to show how they're going to confiscate everything and take it over. So we immediately got our lawyers and contacted the apostolic delegate and confronted the Israeli authorities, and the whole thing was stopped. And then they saw that we were doing excavations. And they said "How dare you do excava-tions on National Park of Elijah the Prophet." And we said "Well we got these permits from the Bureau of Antiquities to do this archaeological work." He said, "How dare the Department of Antiquities to give you (? 387) permit to dig in the Prophet." So that was went down as we sort of played one against the other. And they had tried a similar thing about ten or fifteen years before that, at the place in the sacrifice. Which is like fifteen miles away. They put up a big stone arch saying "The National Forest of Elijah the Prophet" and the prior told them "No, and this isn't." and he wrote a letter and said "Take that down, this is private property." And nothing was done. He wrote again and said "If you don't take it down within such and such a time, thirty days I will take it down." No response. Hired a bulldozer and bulldozed the whole thing down and covered it up. He said "That they understood."
Audience: Laughter.
Fr. Centala: So that's it. They bluff and ah. Okay, this is that ah, it sort of shows the two sides of the ravine, where there are apartments and dwellings, and this is right in the City of Haifa. And sometimes school buses will let kids off, and they will trickle down a little path and then come running through the archaeological dig. And ah they would say "You know, this monastery (? 403 inaudible) of Mount Carmel and chapel (? 403 inaudible) of Mount Carmel...that used to be a synagogue and right there is Elijah's cave, and there's Elijah's spring, and this is all where this all happened." And they would give a nice talk on Elijah, which of course we liked very much, but they're just waiting for us to get out of there. But we've been there now, well since twelve hundred. But they were there since 800 B.C. supposedly. Okay this is a painting from Venice I believe, where it is Innocent the Third, I believe, using the primitive rule. Okaying the primitive rule and giving it to one of our early Superior Generals. There was a problem there about the rule, that the Holy See in the early twelve hundreds says "All religious orders that have new rules they must be okayed by the Holy See, by I think twelve-fifteen. The Second Council Lions. And due to the slowness of communication and travel in those days, we weren't sure whether ours got okayed or not. But finally when it did get okayed there were fifty-five other rules that were not okayed, and they were told "You just go and file with St. Bass, or St. Augustine", or, there were many approved rules and they didn't want anyone drafting their own. But we were able to get ours authentically okayed. So that would make a painting, of course.
Okay, there's the big heavy wall running through sort of diagonally from like one o'clock to seven o'clock position, and it's like six, seven feet thick. And outside that wall and that little window there is the guardhouse. And our primitive rule says the prior is supposed to be at the entrance to greet everybody who comes there. And it's possible that he lived there. But that heavy wall was put up ah oh, in sort of the middle twelve hundreds, or early twelve hundreds, when there was all kinds of harassment by the Saracens. And many of the stones in that big, thick wall, come from the quarry about fifteen miles down the coast. That (? 432 inaudible) was tremendously reinforced and built up because when the Saracens start chasing out the regional hermits in twelve-thirty-eight they got to Europe and well, St. Dominic started us in such and such a year, and St. Francis in such and such a year. Well, what year did you start? Where's your headquarters, and that's what sort of prompted the authorities at the time to build a big place. Make a showing so we can show them, you know. The guide could show them up there but the Saracens tore it all down a few years later.
There's sort of an explanation about the dig on where the church is in the center. We say it's the First Church of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, and the monastery and the ruins. And about three-thirty, four o'clock on the right side, would be that little entrance and that big diagonal wall is on the right side there also. So inside the compound is where the church is. And then the spring of Elijah is up at ten o'clock in the upper left hand corner. And then there's a cave also in the bottom at about seven thirty position. And that's sort of the compound of the first Carmelites hermits that we know of, that the crusaders had joined those particular hermits and were living there. There's sort of the side of the bank in this ravine, and it shows that was terraced so that they could have vineyards and orchards, and of course now all those apartments are up on top, and many of them through their garbage and sewage, and everything over the cliff and it trickles down onto our property. Which of course we don't like but can't do that much about it.
There's the Chapel of Our Lady of Mount Carmel that was fenced in, so that people wouldn't fall into the excavations. And ah, the things outside the fence are very barren and bleak because the sheep and cattle graze in that ravine, and they eat everything up. And inside of course it's not grazed so it stays nice and green. Carmel is known as the green mountain. It was too rugged to plant, like the valley, so it just stayed green with all kinds of thorny bushes and (? 460 inaudible) and all kinds of things. There's the ah, looking into the Chapel from up above, there's sort of a circular staircase, and the entrance is about 9 o'clock there. And there's those two pillars that sort of shows that the Chapel is like added on to a couple times.
There's a copy of the primitive rule of Carmel that was given to the friars...given to the hermits by St. Albert of Jerusalem whose feast is September 17th. Originally the hermits wore a cape of animal skins, but it says clearly that they were up and down, vertical as a fur coat is. And this particular artist misconstrued that and put them sideways, and ah of course that is incorrect. But they are supposed to be a drawing by an artist in Europe who had never been there, and showing a difficult church and there's a spring like ah is in Rome, and ah everything is three fourths Italian and about one fourth like it should be. Well, this is part of that also, where you've got knights, and soldiers and crusaders and all of that on the Carmelite property there. Again, its a painting from Europe in thirteen or fourteen hundreds. And it was twelve-ninety-one that the Saracens chased out all the hermits and made them go to Europe. There's the entrance to the Chapel of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. And I was able to help two others to ah put that first arch of stones over there, and then later on they added another stone. So that is the entrance to the First Church in honor of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. And if you look at the skyline in the back, the two ravines and the cliffs going up to the side, and that little hill behind. That is much like the Old Carm coat of arms is today, and then the Discalced and that little hill behind with a cross. So the lay of the land dictated how that coat of arms was laid out.
Standing in the doorway and looking into the inside of the Chapel, that's the way it looks now. So the sanctuary was up front. So where those stones are laying sort of in the middle of the way, they say "There is where the (? iconastasus sp?) was. The carved wood with the icons hanging on it, and the sanctuary, and the tabernacle were the other side. See, that was a Byzantine Chapel, where we inherited ah, everything from the Byzantine Church. This is the outside of the chapel, showing the corner of the wall. Since that was uncovered in 1958, by Fr. Bogotti, a ah archaeologist working in the Holy Land at that time, and that was under thirty feet of sediment that rolled down the banks. When they uncovered that and now its standing forty years out in the rain, all of the outside mud, and plaster, and cement, and caulking, and all of that is all washed off and the stones are all bare, and it's weakened the walls. And you see originally it was plastered smooth. Ah there's one of the, that's the inside of the chapel, in the Sanctuary looking down toward the end. So I've entered this from the top. I've had three or four Masses down in the chapel there for different groups. So, one third to the left is the sanctuary and then there is a small chapel with another fifty percent added on.
There's the side of the bank, and there is a half a dozen caves that are visible. Ah, and you see that the hermits live in the caves on the side of the ravine, and then they came down and had Mass and recited the divine office in the chapel, but otherwise they lived in the caves. This is a cave on the left side, where ah, there was sort of a living quarters above, and there is a spiral staircase between the two. In the bottom they kept the animals. And they said that could have been some of the model how people did things in those days, and even back in the time of Mary and Joseph. Where Christ could have been born in that kind of a situation. Ah, who knows, this is twelve hundred and that was twelve hundred years before that. Of course, the lip of the top cave is all wore out. And the top is all open. But supposedly they would store hay up above, and then the shepherd would sleep up there and he would bring down a little each day for the animals.
On the site where the old monastery was, ah, which was of course torn down by the Saracens. There is a tree on the left about nine o'clock position, early in Mount Carmel Chapel and it's to the left of that. We had to put up that little building there at about two-thirty, because the ah government said 'if you don't use it, you lose it'. So they built that little building there and then they'd have a pilgrimage every year, ah over to there, just so we could hang on to the title of the property. Okay. This is the side of the ah very steep hill, and the basilica of Our Lady of Mount Carmel and monastery (? 532 inaudible) is up on top of the hill, and here toward the city of Haifa, it's very steep. Although at one time Fr. John (? 535 inaudible) climbed up from this side, and also from the Mediterranean side, where it's like a forty-five degree angle. Much like a roof. But here it is very steep and you have to keep grabbing bushes and keep dragging yourself up. But we wanted to say that we climbed Mount Carmel.
This is Father Prosper of the Holy Spirit. So the calced and the discalced separate in 1593 and by 1631 which is just about forty years later the discalced send Fr. Prosper of the Holy Spirit. And the discalced have been there now for four hundred years. And the Old Carms sort of never went back. See it was the Discalced who have like re-captured the spirit of the primitive Carmelites and the spirituality of it. And the Old Carms are very much saying "Well, we are (? 545 inaudible) friars. We're like Franciscans, and we're like Dominicans, and we're busy doing many things, and it shows some of our ancestors were hermits." But that was different we are friars. Which is true all the O.C.D.'s and O.C.D.S.'s are also but we really treasure that finding God in silence and solitude, which will be our Sunday conference. So we give Prosper of the Holy Spirit great veneration, sort of we're going back there and recapturing and taking possession for us. Okay. This is three fourths down the hill where there is, I said a big cave. And this is held by the Muslims, I believe. And they venerate Elijah. And they have a big pilgrimage is coming there. Elijah is very important for Islam, also. So, Prosper of the Holy Spirit lived there for awhile and then they kicked him out. So he went up the bank about three fourths of the way, and moved in some other caves, and that's where the Carmelites lived for one hundred and forty years before they built the big place on top.
Well, this is inside the Muslim cave, and this is one of their postcards which we put in this book on Mount Carmel. So they allowed different people to come in there. I don't remember if we had to take our shoes off to go in there or not, I don't think so. Okay, this is a little place three fourths of the way up where Prosper of the Holy Spirit lived. And these caves on the side of the mountain, the just put little extensions on the front and they say the lived there one hundred and forty years. And here's in the foreground this part of it broke off. But the very nice one in the middle there, that's the chapel, and I had a chance to have Mass there twice ah in that ruins of that old monastery.
This is a drawing, painting from medieval times showing Haifa on the bottom and our monastery up on the top. That monastery there was held by a sheik. Well, no that's really like a lighthouse, the monastery is behind it. And that lighthouse was um, eventually used as our house of philosophy, where the students studied philosophy before they went to Rome for theology. And ah, two of our elder friars who studied philosophy there recently died. When the British came in in 1922 and took over Palestine and sort of a British protectorate ah, they immediately grabbed, no it wasn't then. General Montgomery, when he came in during World War II, he ah grabbed that away from us, and then when the British got out the Israelis came in '47 and they took it over and the Israeli government has been paying us rent ever since, and that's sort of their navy headquarters, national navy headquarters, and just to the right to the monastery, behind there, is a big missile base. So when those two scud missiles landed during desert storm, and they were trying to hit that base, and our monastery is only a hundred yards away. or hit that headquarters of the Israeli navy. So right in the midst of a very vulnerable, strategic Israeli military targets. Ah this is, I forget it's name. One of the Italian friars who were in charge of building the big monastery that we're in now, the headquarters and Basilica of Our Lady of Mount Carmel, and he's instructing the workmen how to build that.
That is the present statue of Our Lady of Mount Carmel. It is a frame...
(turned tape over to continue on side two and it goes on here at 007) someone speaking in French. This is basic French and is a continuation of unit eight.